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1860 |
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1860 |
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1861 | Abraham Lincoln becomes sixteenth president of the United States. | ||
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1862 |
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1863 |
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Ernst Haeckel (Häckel) outlines the essential elements
of modern zoological classification.
Louis Pasteur refutes the doctrine of spontaneous
generation.
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1864 |
Sherman captures Atlanta, marches to Savannah.
Lincoln's reelection destroys South's hope for a
political settlement to the war.
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Mendel presents his work on peas to
the Brünn Natural History Society. The results
are published the following year.
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1865 |
Lee surrenders, US Civil war ends, Lincoln assassinated.
Andrew Johnson becomes seventeenth president of the United States.
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Gregor Mendel
publishes his findings on heredity in peas, in
Versuche über Pflanzen Hybriden.
Ernst Heinrich Haeckel (Häckel) hypothesizes that the nucleus of a cell transmits its hereditary information.
Ernst Heinrich Haeckel (Häckel) first used the term
ECOLOGY to describe the study of living
organisms and their interactions with other organisms and
with their environment.
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1866 |
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1867 |
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Darwin publishes Variation in Animals and Plants.
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1868 |
Meiji Restoration in Japan overthrows the feudal shogunate system and initiates
Japan's participation in the modern world.
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F. Galton publishes Hereditary Genius. In it he describes a
scientific study of human pedigrees from which he concludes that
intelligence has a genetic basis.
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1869 |
Ulysses S. Grant becomes eighteenth president of the United States.
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1870 |
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